List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with their English and domestic language long and short names and associated capital cities.

The divisions between Asia and Europe occur at the Ural Mountains, Ural River and Caspian Sea in the east, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea with its outlets, Bosporus and Dardanelles in the south. Based on that division, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey have territory both in Europe and Asia. Armenia and Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia, but are considered sociopolitically European countries.

Greenland has sociopolitical connections with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but is part of the continent of North America. Other territories are part of European countries but are geographically located in other continents, such as the French overseas departments, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of Africa, and the Netherlands' Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius.

1 Sovereign states
2 Dependent territories
3 Notes
4 See also
5 References

Sovereign states

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a geographic area. A state usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the exercise of coercive violence for the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognised by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it. In sociology, the state is normally identified with these institutions: in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organisation that has a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory," which may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.

Recognised sovereign states

There are currently 50 internationally recognised sovereign states in (or partially in) Europe, of which 44 states have their capital within Europe.

All the recognised sovereign states, except Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City, are members of the Council of Europe. Since 2007, 27 of these countries are also member states of the European Union, which means they are highly integrated with each other and share their sovereignty with the institutions of the European Union.

*	= Member of the European Union

English short name	English long name	Domestic short name	Domestic long name	Capital
Albania	Republic of Albania	Albanian: Shqipëria	Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë	Tirana Albanian: Tiranë
Andorra	Principality of Andorra	Catalan: Andorra	Catalan: Principat d'Andorra French: Principauté d'Andorre Spanish: Principado de Andorra	Andorra la Vella Catalan: Andorra la Vella French: Andorre-la-Vieille Spanish: Andorra la Vieja
Armenia^{[n 1]}	Republic of Armenia	Armenian: Հայաստան/ Հայք Hayastan/Hayq	Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Hanrapetutyun	Yerevan Armenian: Երևան or Երեւան
Austria*	Republic of Austria	German: Österreich	German: Republik Österreich	Vienna German: Wien
Azerbaijan^{[n 1]}	Republic of Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan	Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası	Baku Azerbaijani: Bakı
Belarus	Republic of Belarus	Belarusian: Беларусь Russian: Беларусь Byelarus	Belarusian: Рэспубліка Беларусь Russian: Республика Беларусь Respublika Byelarus	Minsk Belarusian: Мінск Russian: Минск
Belgium*	Kingdom of Belgium	Dutch: België French: Belgique German: Belgien	Dutch: Koninkrijk België French: Royaume de Belgique German: Königreich Belgien	Brussels Dutch: Brussel French: Bruxelles German: Brüssel
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: BiH, Bosna Serbian Cyrillic: БиХ, Босна	Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина	Sarajevo Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Sarajevo Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево
Bulgaria*	Republic of Bulgaria	Bulgarian: България	Bulgarian: Република България Republika Balgariya	Sofia Bulgarian: София Sofiya
Croatia	Republic of Croatia	Croatian: Hrvatska	Croatian: Republika Hrvatska	Zagreb
Cyprus*^{[n 2]}	Republic of Cyprus	Greek: Κύπρος Kýpros Turkish: Kıbrıs	Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakí Dhimokratía Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	Nicosia Greek: Λευκωσία Lefkosia Turkish: Lefkoşa
Czechia*^{[n 3]}	Czech Republic	Czech: Česko	Czech: Česká republika	Prague Czech: Praha
Denmark*^{[n 4]}	Kingdom of Denmark	Danish: Danmark	Danish: Kongeriget Danmark	Copenhagen Danish: København
Estonia*	Republic of Estonia	Estonian: Eesti	Estonian: Eesti Vabariik	Tallinn
Finland*	Republic of Finland	Finnish: Suomi Swedish: Finland	Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland	Helsinki Finnish: Helsinki Swedish: Helsingfors
France*	French Republic	French: France	French: République française	Paris
Georgia^{[n 1]}		Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo		Tbilisi Georgian: თბილისი
Germany*	Federal Republic of Germany	German: Deutschland	German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Berlin
Greece*	Hellenic Republic	Greek: Ελλάδα/ Ελλάς Ellada/Ellas	Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Elliniki Dimokratia	Athens Greek: Αθήνα Athina
Hungary*	Republic of Hungary	Hungarian: Magyarország	Hungarian: Magyar Köztársaság	Budapest
Iceland		Icelandic: Ísland	Icelandic: Ísland	Reykjavík Icelandic: Reykjavíkurborg
Ireland*	Ireland^{[n 5]}^[1]	Irish: Éire English: Ireland	Irish: Éire^{[n 5]}^[2] English: Ireland	Dublin Irish: Baile Átha Cliath
Italy*	Italian Republic	Italian: Italia	Italian: Repubblica Italiana	Rome Italian: Roma
Kazakhstan^{[n 6]}	Republic of Kazakhstan	Kazakh: Қазақстан Qazaqstan Russian: Казахстан Kazakhstán	Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Qazaqstan Respublïkası Russian: Республика Казахстан Respublika Kazakhstan	Astana Kazakh: Астана Russian: Астана
Latvia*	Republic of Latvia	Latvian: Latvija	Latvian: Latvijas Republika	Riga Latvian: Rīga
Liechtenstein	Principality of Liechtenstein	German: Liechtenstein	German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein	Vaduz
Lithuania*	Republic of Lithuania	Lithuanian: Lietuva	Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika	Vilnius
Luxembourg*	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg French: Luxembourg German: Luxemburg	Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg	Luxembourg City Luxembourgish: Stad Lëtzebuerg French: Ville de Luxembourg German: Luxemburg Stadt
Macedonia	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonian: Македонија Makedonija	Macedonian: Република Македонија Republika Makedonija	Skopje Macedonian: Скопје
Malta*	Republic of Malta	Maltese: Malta	Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta	Valletta Maltese: Il-Belt Valletta
Moldova	Republic of Moldova	Romanian: Moldova	Romanian: Republica Moldova	Chisinau Romanian: Chişinău
Monaco	Principality of Monaco	French: Monaco Monégasque: Múnegu Occitan: Mónegue Italian: Monaco	French: Principauté de Monaco Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu Occitan: Principat de Mónegue Italian: Principato di Monaco	Monaco^{[n 7]}
Montenegro		Montenegrin Latin: Crna Gora Montenegrin Cyrillic: Црна Гора		Podgorica Montenegrin Cyrillic: Подгорица
Netherlands*^{[n 4]}^{[n 8]}^[3]	Kingdom of the Netherlands	Dutch: Nederland	Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden	Amsterdam (capital) The Hague (seat of government) Dutch: 's-Gravenhage (Den Haag)
Norway	Kingdom of Norway	Bokmål: Norge Nynorsk: Noreg	Bokmål: Kongeriket Norge Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noreg	Oslo
Poland*	Republic of Poland	Polish: Polska	Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska	Warsaw Polish: Warszawa
Portugal*	Portuguese Republic	Portuguese: Portugal	Portuguese: República Portuguesa	Lisbon Portuguese: Lisboa
Romania*		Romanian: România		Bucharest Romanian: Bucureşti
Russia^{[n 6]}	Russian Federation	Russian: Росси́я Rossiya	Russian: Российская Федерация Rossiyskaya Federatsiya	Moscow Russian: Москва Moskva
San Marino^{[n 7]}	Most Serene Republic of San Marino	Italian: San Marino	Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino	City of San Marino Italian: Città di San Marino
Serbia	Republic of Serbia	Serbian Cyrilic: Србија Serbian Latin: Srbija	Serbian Cyrilic: Република Србија Serbian Latin: Republika Srbija	Belgrade Serbian Cyrilic: Београд Serbian Latin: Beograd
Slovakia*	Slovak Republic	Slovak: Slovensko	Slovak: Slovenská republika	Bratislava
Slovenia*	Republic of Slovenia	Slovene: Slovenija	Slovene: Republika Slovenija	Ljubljana
Spain*	Kingdom of Spain	Spanish: España Catalan: Espanya Galician: España Basque: Espainia Occitan: Espanha	Spanish: Reino de España Catalan: Regne d'Espanya Galician: Reino de España Basque: Espainiako Erresuma Occitan: Reialme d'Espanha	Madrid
Sweden*	Kingdom of Sweden	Swedish: Sverige	Swedish: Konungariket Sverige	Stockholm
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Latin: Helvetica German: Schweiz French: Suisse Italian: Svizzera Romansh: Svizra	Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica German: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft French: Confédération suisse Italian: Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Confederaziun svizra	Bern or Berne German: Bern French: Berne Italian: Berna Romansh: Berna Bernese German: Bärn
Turkey^{[n 6]}	Republic of Turkey	Turkish: Türkiye	Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Ankara
Ukraine		Ukrainian: Україна Ukrayina/Ukraina		Kiev Ukrainian: Київ Kyiv
United Kingdom*^{[n 9]}	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	English: UK/Britain	English: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Scots: Unitit Kinrick o Graet Breetain an Northren Ireland Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon Cornish: Ruwvaneth Unys Breten Veur hag Iwerdhon Gledh Scottish Gaelic: An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath Irish: Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann	London
Vatican City Holy See	State of the Vatican City	Latin: Santa Sede	Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano	Vatican City^{[n 7]}

Partially recognised sovereign states

The following four geo-political entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more United Nations member states and are defined as states by the constitutive theory of statehood. They are not recognised by the United Nations or other significant international organisations.

English short name	English long name	Legal status	Domestic short name	Domestic long name	Capital
Abkhazia^{[n 1]}		De jure part of Georgia^{[s 1]}	Abkhaz: Аҧсны Apsny Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti/Abkhazeti Russian: Абха́зия Abhazia		Sukhumi Abkhaz: Аҟəа Akwa Georgian: სოხუმი Sokhumi Russian: Сухуми
Kosovo	Republic of Kosovo	De jure part of Serbia^{[s 2]}	Albanian: Kosova, Kosovë Serbian Cyrilic: Косово Serbian Latin: Kosovo	Albanian: Republika e Kosovës Serbian Cyrilic: Република Косово Serbian Latin: Republika Kosovo	Pristina Albanian: Prishtina, Prishtinë Serbian Cyrilic: Приштина Serbian Latin: Priština
Northern Cyprus^{[n 2]}	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	De jure part of Cyprus^{[s 3]}	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti	Nicosia Turkish: Lefkoşa
South Ossetia^{[n 1]}		De jure part of Georgia^{[s 1]}	Ossetic: Хуссар Ирыстон Khussar Iryston Georgian: სამხრეთ ოსეთი Samkhret Oseti Russian: Южная Осетия Yuzhnaya Osetiya	Ossetic: Хуссар Ирыстон Республика	Tskhinvali Ossetic: Цхинвал or Чъреба Chreba

Unrecognised sovereign states

The following two geo-political entities in Europe have no diplomatic recognition by a United Nations member state but are defined as states by the declarative theory of statehood.

Flag	Map	English short name	English long name	Legal status	Domestic short name	Domestic long name	Capital
		Nagorno-Karabakh^{[n 1]}	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	De jure part of Azerbaijan^{[s 4]}	Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Lernayin Gharabaghi	Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Հանրապետություն Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun	Stepanakert Armenian: Ստեփանակերտ Azerbaijani: Xankəndi Khankendi
		Transnistria Also: Trans-Dniester or Transdniestria or Pridnestrovie	Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	De jure part of Moldova^{[s 5]}	Moldovan: Нистрянэ Transnistria Russian: Приднестрóвье Pridnestrov'ye Ukrainian: Придністрóв'я Prydnistrov'ya	Moldovan: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ Republica Moldovenească Nistreană Russian: Приднестрóвская Молдáвская Респýблика Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika Ukrainian: Придністровська Молдавська Республіка Pridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika	Tiraspol Moldovan: Тираспол Russian: Тирáсполь Ukrainian: Тирáсполь

Dependent territories

The following eight geo-political entities are dependent territories and other special territories in Europe.

*	= Part of the European Union, although there may be special arrangements

English short name	English long name	Legal status	Domestic short name	Domestic long name	Capital
Åland*	Åland Islands	Autonomous area of Finland	Swedish: Åland Finnish: Ahvenanmaa	Swedish: Landskapet Åland Finnish: Ahvenanmaan maakunta	Mariehamn Finnish: Maarianhamina
Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British overseas territory			Episkopi Cantonment
Faroe Islands ^[4]		Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark		Faroese: Føroyar Danish: Færøerne	Tórshavn Faroese: Tórshavn Danish: Thorshavn
Gibraltar*		British overseas territory			Gibraltar
Guernsey^{[n 9]}	Bailiwick of Guernsey	Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Guernésiais: Guernesey	Guernésiais: Bailliage de Guernesey	Saint Peter Port Guernésiais: Saint Pierre Port
Isle of Man^{[n 9]}		Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Manx: Mannin	Manx: Ellan Vannin	Douglas Manx: Doolish
Jersey^{[n 9]}	Bailiwick of Jersey	Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Jèrriais: Jèrri	Jèrriais: Bailliage de Jersey	Saint Helier Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi
Svalbard	Svalbard	Special territory of Norway	Bokmål: Svalbard	Bokmål: Svalbard	Longyearbyen

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Part of Transcaucasian Region, which is a border between Europe and Asia.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cyprus is in Asia but it has sociopolitical connections with Europe.
↑ Czechia is the unofficial short name of the Czech Republic, but is not used very often.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Denmark and the Netherlands are constituent countries of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Kingdom of the Netherlands respectively. Both are members of the European Union, however the other constituent countries of their kingdoms are not. In international organisations, the terms Denmark and Netherlands are often used as short forms of their respective Kingdom's as a whole.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 The terms Republic of Ireland and Poblacht na hÉireann are not official long names and are used only as a legal description meant to differentiate the state from the island.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are considered to be geographically in both Europe (dark blue) and Asia (light blue).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 These countries are city-states.
↑ The Netherlands is also known as Holland, but this is the improper name of the whole country as it refers only to a small region inside the country. See Netherlands (terminology).
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 The United Kingdom (UK) consists of the constituent countries England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The UK is responsible for the foreign relations and ultimate good governance of the Crown Dependencies of Guernsey, the Isle of Man and Jersey, which are otherwise separate. The mainlands of England, Scotland and Wales make up the island of Great Britain (or simply Britain), which is sometimes used synonymously with the United Kingdom.

References

↑ "Republic of Ireland Act, 1948". No. 22/1948. 1948. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/en/act/pub/0022/index.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
↑ "An tAcht Phoblacht na hÉireann, 1948". Uimhir 22 de 1948. 1948. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/ga/act/pub/0022/index.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
↑ United States CIA World Factbook -- Netherlands
↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2006.html

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